In its literal sense is the process or transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones. This term was used for the first time in the 1920`s but it wasn`t that use in the practice until the 1940`s.
There are 3 debates on globalisation:
- Globalist: Social relations, increase of global interconnection
- Internationalist: Significant role for nation states, skepticism about globalisation (myth and exaggerated)
- Transformationalist: Nation states remain militarily, economically and politically powerful. Indirect exercise of power through complex set of interactions
As international negotiators we always analyze the positive aspects of globalisation, and it is important to know that it has a negative counterpart that is equally important to study as the opportunities that might emerge from this inevitable phenomena.
Negative aspect of corporate-led globalisation: Cultural imperialism, concentration of political and economic power, diminution of national identities and sovereignties, growing inequalities, concentration of ownership and organized crime networks among others.
Which are the main characteristics of the emerging powers in globalisation?
"They can be countries or regions, social scapes and flows, economic networks or global cities. They emerge after several decades of global flexible capitalism and the rise of regional networks and city-states. In order to meet contemporary challenges, emerging powers need the experience of coherence of older homogeneities as well as the complexities of extended, differentiated societies and social structures."
Emerging powers as fact and metaphor: Some European ideas
Hermann Schwengel. Futures. Kidlington: Oct 2008. Vol. 40, Iss. 8; pg. 767
lunes, 29 de septiembre de 2008
martes, 23 de septiembre de 2008
EAST ASIA
East Asia is a sub region of Asia where several languages are spoken, among them, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian and Vietnamese.
Japan is very important for this region, is a country of over three thousand islands extending along the pacific coast of Asia and the form of government is parliamentarian democracy under the rule of a constitutional monarchand. Is the second largest economy in the world and is one of the leading nations in the fields of scientific research, particularly technology, machinery and biomedical research. Its environmental history and current policies reflect a tenuous balance between economic development and environmental protection. The Japanese language has always played a significant role in Japanese culture. The language is spoken mainly in Japan but also in some Japanese emigrant communities around the world.
Doing business in Japan as in any other country has many specifications that are important not only to know and understand but also to respect. Harmony is a key value in their society, is the guiding philosophy for their population in family and business settings. They are very conscious of age and status, and the use of time is absolutely rigid.
How are the relations between Colombia and Japan?
"Colombian Foreign Minister Fernando Araujo Perdomo on Saturday said the South American country was interested in forming an economic partnership agreement with Japan."
"Araujo is visiting Tokyo at the official invitation of the government from Thursday to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of a friendship and commercial treaty between the two countries."
"I would like to take the centennial as an opportunity to boost ties between Japan and Colombia in all aspects, such as diplomacy, cultural exchange and the economy," Araujo
BRIEF: Colombia minister urges FTA with Japan
Setsuko Kamiya. McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: Jul 13, 2008.
Japan is very important for this region, is a country of over three thousand islands extending along the pacific coast of Asia and the form of government is parliamentarian democracy under the rule of a constitutional monarchand. Is the second largest economy in the world and is one of the leading nations in the fields of scientific research, particularly technology, machinery and biomedical research. Its environmental history and current policies reflect a tenuous balance between economic development and environmental protection. The Japanese language has always played a significant role in Japanese culture. The language is spoken mainly in Japan but also in some Japanese emigrant communities around the world.
Doing business in Japan as in any other country has many specifications that are important not only to know and understand but also to respect. Harmony is a key value in their society, is the guiding philosophy for their population in family and business settings. They are very conscious of age and status, and the use of time is absolutely rigid.
How are the relations between Colombia and Japan?
"Colombian Foreign Minister Fernando Araujo Perdomo on Saturday said the South American country was interested in forming an economic partnership agreement with Japan."
"Araujo is visiting Tokyo at the official invitation of the government from Thursday to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the signing of a friendship and commercial treaty between the two countries."
"I would like to take the centennial as an opportunity to boost ties between Japan and Colombia in all aspects, such as diplomacy, cultural exchange and the economy," Araujo
BRIEF: Colombia minister urges FTA with Japan
Setsuko Kamiya. McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: Jul 13, 2008.
lunes, 15 de septiembre de 2008
CHINA
China is situated in eastern Asia, bounded by the Pacific in the east. The third largest country in the world. Total Population is 1.30756 billion (2005) about 22% of total population in the world. China, one of the four oldest civilizations in the world, has a written history of 4,000 years and boasts rich cultural relics and historical sites. It is the inventor of compass, paper-making, gunpowder and printing. The great wall, Grand Canal and Karez irrigation system are three great ancient engineering projects built 2,000 years ago. Now they are the symbols of the rich culture of the Chinese nation. China has gone over a long history of primitive society, slavery society, feudal society and semi-feudal semi-colonial society and the present socialist society.
The national language is Mandarin, which is one of the five working languages at the United Nations. Most of the 55 minority nationalities have their own languages. Cantonese is one of the local dialects of southern China.
China is a multi-religious country. Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism, with the first three being more wide spread.
Being such a diverse country, is very important to have into account some aspects when negotiating. Companies have a high centralization and the country itself is built on a strong sense of pride in their ancient history and culture. Some main issues for them are: punctuality,trust, the hierarchical structure, create long-term relationships, the collectivism.
China still is a matter of study, not only in college, but also in schools and companies, many people has the need to undestrand this magnificent culture, the unbelievable economic development, the technological advances and so on and I think it will continue for many more years.
How is the employment situation nowdays?
"Generating enough jobs for the masses of newly minted capitalists who emerge from China's university system has for years been a challenge. Last year, about one-third of college grads went jobless for at least six months after graduation, according to government estimates. This year's crop of 5.6 million grads--740,000 more than last year--is the largest ever, and the tsunami of able bodies is washing into the market just as China's economy is faltering"
"Officially, China's unemployment rate is a relatively healthy 4.2%, but government statistics are dodgy, in part because significant numbers of China's millions of migrant workers go uncounted. The slowdown is a cause for national, not just provincial, concern."
"China's job-market woes won't be solved by high economic growth alone. There are persistent problems within China's higher-education system that are of mounting concern."
Not-So-Great Expectations
Bill Powell. Time International. (Atlantic ed.). New York: Sep 1, 2008. Vol. 172, Iss. 9; pg. 41
The national language is Mandarin, which is one of the five working languages at the United Nations. Most of the 55 minority nationalities have their own languages. Cantonese is one of the local dialects of southern China.
China is a multi-religious country. Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism, with the first three being more wide spread.
Being such a diverse country, is very important to have into account some aspects when negotiating. Companies have a high centralization and the country itself is built on a strong sense of pride in their ancient history and culture. Some main issues for them are: punctuality,trust, the hierarchical structure, create long-term relationships, the collectivism.
China still is a matter of study, not only in college, but also in schools and companies, many people has the need to undestrand this magnificent culture, the unbelievable economic development, the technological advances and so on and I think it will continue for many more years.
How is the employment situation nowdays?
"Generating enough jobs for the masses of newly minted capitalists who emerge from China's university system has for years been a challenge. Last year, about one-third of college grads went jobless for at least six months after graduation, according to government estimates. This year's crop of 5.6 million grads--740,000 more than last year--is the largest ever, and the tsunami of able bodies is washing into the market just as China's economy is faltering"
"Officially, China's unemployment rate is a relatively healthy 4.2%, but government statistics are dodgy, in part because significant numbers of China's millions of migrant workers go uncounted. The slowdown is a cause for national, not just provincial, concern."
"China's job-market woes won't be solved by high economic growth alone. There are persistent problems within China's higher-education system that are of mounting concern."
Not-So-Great Expectations
Bill Powell. Time International. (Atlantic ed.). New York: Sep 1, 2008. Vol. 172, Iss. 9; pg. 41
SOUTH ASIA
South Asia, also known as Southern Asia, is a southern region of the Asian continent, it has a huge diversity of languages and religions among them we can find Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.
A major country of this region is India and if we compared it to Colombia, we have like a 50-50 situation, we may see that they have very similar PDI and MAS but very diverse IDV and UAI. This information is very important for any kind of negotiation.
India is a multireligious country, very liberal in this aspect, with occupational segmentation which may lead to discrimination within the originations. The castes are very important for them, you cannot change it, is your destiny and your future, among them we find the Brahamans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, all of them have different codes of conduct. About the gender is a very funny situation because they claim they treat women and men equally but that is not true, companies prefer to employ a man rather than a woman.
All these situations has to be understood because is a different culture, we learn every day about diversity, tolerance, and acceptance of different behaviors, and that is just what we have to do in such a globalized world.
¿What is Jainism?
Jainism teaches a path to enlightenment through a life founded on nonviolence to all creatures. Jains represent less than 1 percent of the Indian population. Many faiths have ascetic traditions that embrace fasting, but few carry it to such lengths as the Jains. In some cases, Jains practice santhara, or fasting until death, in order to free the soul from its sins.
Russell Working. McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: Sep 15, 2008.
A major country of this region is India and if we compared it to Colombia, we have like a 50-50 situation, we may see that they have very similar PDI and MAS but very diverse IDV and UAI. This information is very important for any kind of negotiation.
India is a multireligious country, very liberal in this aspect, with occupational segmentation which may lead to discrimination within the originations. The castes are very important for them, you cannot change it, is your destiny and your future, among them we find the Brahamans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras, all of them have different codes of conduct. About the gender is a very funny situation because they claim they treat women and men equally but that is not true, companies prefer to employ a man rather than a woman.
All these situations has to be understood because is a different culture, we learn every day about diversity, tolerance, and acceptance of different behaviors, and that is just what we have to do in such a globalized world.
¿What is Jainism?
Jainism teaches a path to enlightenment through a life founded on nonviolence to all creatures. Jains represent less than 1 percent of the Indian population. Many faiths have ascetic traditions that embrace fasting, but few carry it to such lengths as the Jains. In some cases, Jains practice santhara, or fasting until death, in order to free the soul from its sins.
Russell Working. McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: Sep 15, 2008.
miércoles, 3 de septiembre de 2008
AFRICA: NIGER DELTA
Conflict in the niger Delta arose in the early 1990s due to tensions between the foreign oil corporations and a number of the Niger Delta's minority ethnic groups who felt they were being exploited. Competition for oil wealth has fueled violence between innumerable ethnic groups, causing the militarization of nearly the entire region by ethnic militia groups as well as nigerian military and police forces. Victims of crimes are fearful of seeking justice for crimes committed against them.
It is a very difficult situation, to which all of us may feel related to, is a daily conflict that is affecting all the Nigeria delta population, amazing stories arise every day and if you don`t live that situation by yourself is almost impossible to believe, just like our country, human rights violations, unemployment, insecurity, kidnapping are some of our daily situation that is seen also in Niger Delta.
Nigeria is one of the world's biggest oil exporters and yet most Delta residents live in poverty. The region is home to a huge industry of stealing oil and selling it on the black market. I really hope this conflict gets a solution, one almost every day think about the world`s future, and this is a situation about which I never heard ever before, is not only about us, our problems, the trade relations, globalization, USA elections, global warm, there is other countries with huge problems, and as an international negotiator is important to be sensitive toward any situation and be constantly inform about everything.
Which are the main problems faced by this region?
"Violence in the Delta is nothing new. Tribal conflict has plagued the region for years. Well-armed and organized gangs have been present almost as long as the oil companies, making tens of millions of dollars in "bunkering" operations in which oil is illegally siphoned off (and causing, oil companies have long maintained, most of the local environmental damage as a result). The gangsters have also extorted money by kidnapping oil workers and supplying "security" services in exchange for not attacking installations."
"Corruption doesn't help. A Nigerian government audit of the oil industry last month showed discrepancies worth hundreds of millions of dollars between what oil companies say they paid the government and what authorities say they received. The federal government says it is tightening up its oversight. And there's the problem of what state governments do with the money they receive from Abuja."
Nigeria's Deadly Days
Time International. (Atlantic ed.). New York: May 22, 2006. pg. 20
It is a very difficult situation, to which all of us may feel related to, is a daily conflict that is affecting all the Nigeria delta population, amazing stories arise every day and if you don`t live that situation by yourself is almost impossible to believe, just like our country, human rights violations, unemployment, insecurity, kidnapping are some of our daily situation that is seen also in Niger Delta.
Nigeria is one of the world's biggest oil exporters and yet most Delta residents live in poverty. The region is home to a huge industry of stealing oil and selling it on the black market. I really hope this conflict gets a solution, one almost every day think about the world`s future, and this is a situation about which I never heard ever before, is not only about us, our problems, the trade relations, globalization, USA elections, global warm, there is other countries with huge problems, and as an international negotiator is important to be sensitive toward any situation and be constantly inform about everything.
Which are the main problems faced by this region?
"Violence in the Delta is nothing new. Tribal conflict has plagued the region for years. Well-armed and organized gangs have been present almost as long as the oil companies, making tens of millions of dollars in "bunkering" operations in which oil is illegally siphoned off (and causing, oil companies have long maintained, most of the local environmental damage as a result). The gangsters have also extorted money by kidnapping oil workers and supplying "security" services in exchange for not attacking installations."
"Corruption doesn't help. A Nigerian government audit of the oil industry last month showed discrepancies worth hundreds of millions of dollars between what oil companies say they paid the government and what authorities say they received. The federal government says it is tightening up its oversight. And there's the problem of what state governments do with the money they receive from Abuja."
Nigeria's Deadly Days
Time International. (Atlantic ed.). New York: May 22, 2006. pg. 20
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